Childhood Innocence Is Veiled By Joy And Ignorance

Karlee Bulla Literary Studies 30 October, 2017 Dr. Glover Childhood Innocence Living in an Adult World Childhood innocence is veiled by joy and ignorance while the hardships of adulthood are incoherent to the imagination of children; as seen in the troubling world around kids as one of bliss rather than that of worry as an adult. Children’s views on the â€Å"real world† are easily manipulated but the outside sources that are in their everyday lives. These sources come from the environment around them, such as problems that adults suffer relating to stress, relationship struggles, job security, and happiness of their family. The unknown problem that children seem to have masked over them is the importance of reality and how†¦show more content†¦The father had paid, the collectors are gone, the lights are back on and the family can be thankful. The emotion range in the house is high as one can image the stress of low income can bring. The joy of the child is felt, as the joy of the members in this house were as well wi th the stress of deadlines have been met. The good times were coming and the good times are here. The dialect of this poem is another connection to this family and the child, as well as the community they are apart of. Scholar Joyce Johnson writes in her article titled â€Å"The Theme of Celebration in Lucille Clifton’s Poetry†, her response to this poem. â€Å"The emotion in this instance is jubilation and the sense of celebration associated with the good times that come by way of small triumphs in the community dwellers’ battle to survive† (71). Her quote ties in joy, celebration, and community that all overlap into the importance of this poem. Johnson writes further, â€Å"†¦those who fail to recognize the measure of good times in a culture and community they don t understand† (72). Those in the community know the struggles it takes to make a living and provide those happy times for their children. The last lines of the poem tie in the fina l conclusion to Clifton’s thoughts as â€Å"oh children think about the good times† (1016) settle the overall understanding that children care for the positivity of a situation.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Common Issues in Romanticism1475 Words   |  6 PagesSuch connectivity is marked in William Blake’s poems â€Å"Infant Sorrow† and â€Å"On Another’s Sorrow†, and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Shelley, like Blake, argues for continual development of innocence to experience, and through the character of Victor Frankenstein’s creation, Mary Shelley suggests the equilibrium of innocence and experience offers insight into the human condition. The shift is distinguished by what Blake states in plate 3, stanza 2 of â€Å"The Marriage of Heaven and Hell†: â€Å"Without contrariesRead MorePersepolis : The Story Of A Childhood1654 Words   |  7 Pages Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood by Marjane Satrapi is a graphic novel t hat provides insight into a young girl living in Iran during the hardship of war. Persepolis takes place during the childhood of Marjane Satrapi. It gives a background of the Islamic Revolution and the war in Iran. Satrapi attempts to guide herself in a corrupted world filled with propaganda. She tries to develop her own morality concerning religion, politics, and humanity. Satrapi was blessed enough to have high class statusRead MoreEng 211 Short Story Questions and Answers4549 Words   |  19 PagesPiquette—is connected through the symbol of the loons with the Metis loss of their land and their culture. Vanessas realization at the end of the story, that only Piquette â€Å"had heard the crying of the loons† (194), signals the loss of her political innocence. Vanessa faces the reality of Canadian history at a direct personal level. 5. How does Laurence connect the personal with the political in â€Å"The Loons†? 6. How does Laurence control the narrative perspective in â€Å"The Loons?†   Vanessa recountsRead MoreCarol Ann Duffy Poems Analysis8144 Words   |  33 PagesOriginally Introduction Memories play a significant role in the poetry of Carol Ann Duffy, particularly her recollections of childhood places and events. The poem â€Å"Originally,† published in The Other Country (1990), draws specifically from memories of Duffys familys move from Scotland to England when she and her siblings were very young. The first-born child, Duffy was just old enough to feel a deep sense of personal loss and fear as she traveled farther and farther away from the only place sheRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesimplication that Anne is dimwitted, but youd discount it as sloppy communication because you would apply the principle of charity and figure out what the parent probably meant instead. An innuendo is a negative suggestion made by disguised references or veiled comments about a person. If your professor were to write a letter of recommendation to graduate school for you that said, This student always managed to spell his (or her) name correctly, you would be upset by the innuendo. The professor is using

The Debate Over Stem Cells - 2008 Words

Have you ever wondered what stem cells are and why they are important? Have you heard that stem cells are controversial but do not know why? Scientists have been studying stem cells and their ability to regenerate tissues in the body for years. Having the body regenerate itself is not as crazy as it once sounded. Stem cells are very small, immature cells in the human body that are capable of becoming many types of cells. Researchers have been able to find different applications in treating the human body using these powerful cells as well as the ability to test new drugs on them. This is a huge advancement in medicine, but with it comes debate and controversy over the ethical aspect of obtaining these cells. Questions like, â€Å"is this life we are killing?† and â€Å"should we be messing with God’s work?† come up in the debate over the research of stem cells. We first need to understand that not all stem cells are the same and reevaluate our position once we are truly educated on the benefits of stem cells. Researchers must have the ability to continue studying stem cells in order to save human lives. Ethical issues aside, this may be the greatest advancement in medicine to date. Stem cells are cells that have the ability to divide and self replicate for indefinite periods of time (National Institutes of Health). Stem cells are able to differentiate into Faul 2 many types of cells in the body. These cells are how our body heals itself. What few people truly understandShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Over Stem Cells1144 Words   |  5 Pageseach day, the use of stem cells, in regards to research, is becoming extraordinarily prevalent. I believe that the use of stem cells is unethical to a certain extent. Stem cells are cells that are able to renew themselves as well as the ability to generate specialized cells. Scientists refer to these tiny, magnificent cells as stem cells because many different types of cells can stem from them. Stem cells have the ability to develop into other cell types that mature into cells that have specializedRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cells1159 Words   |  5 Pagesdiabetes? These are just a few examples of the diseases that stem cells can treat. A stem cell is a cell that has the potential to mutate into many different types of cells in the body. Ever since stem cells were discovered, they have gained popularity and started to spark interest in scientists all across the world. Today there is a vigorous battle on the ethics, legalization, and experimentation of stem cells. Although stem cells are still being highly debated, they can open new doors in theRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research936 Words   |  4 PagesStem cell research is full o f controversy with a million different opinions on each side of the argument. In this essay, the â€Å"pro† side will be viewed and discussed. The background, the pros, the experiments and other information will be deliberated. Hopefully by the end of the composition, one will understand the benefits of stem cell research. In the early 1900s, Alexander A. Maximow was the first to actually use the term â€Å"stem cell† when he discovered the cell. He was a Russian-American physicianRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cells851 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Over 100 million Americans suffer from diseases that eventually may be treated more effectively or even cured with embryonic stem cell therapy. Some researchers regard this as the greatest potential for the alleviation of human suffering since the advent of antibiotics† (White). However, not everybody agrees with this. While embryonic stem cells offer much hope for medical advancement because of their ability to grow into almost any kind of cell, the moral debate of the destruction of an embryoRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1027 Words   |  5 PagesStem cell research is the study of basic cells that are grown in laboratories where tests are made to determine the essential properties of the cells. Over the past few decades , stem cell research has become a popular scientific debate and controversy. Stem cell research is still considered to be relatively new technology that is responsible for taking human cells and developing them into 220 different cells in the human body. Stem cell research has the potential to help disease research and managementRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1196 Words   |  5 Pagesa major controversy over the topic of stem cell research. It seems to be that the main controversy when it comes to the topic of stem cell research is an ethical debate, and because of this it seems that the side opposing stem cell research always wins due to their use of pathos when it comes to their argument. I personally do not side with those against the idea of stem cell research because I believe that the pros outweigh the cons when you break it down this way. Stem cell research could be theRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cells And Cloning1398 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Stem cells and cloning are very controversial today. There are debates and arguments about it all over the internet. The idea of stem cells is to use them to help cure and prevent diseases. You can use embryonic and adult stem cells. That’s one of the reasons people argue about it, because it kills the potential life of the embryo. [Stem Cells and Cloning] Stem cells and cloning is very controversial in today s society. Some people believe it’s not a good idea because it destroysRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe stem cell controversy has been going on for many years. The two basic controversies surrounding stem cell research is whether or not it is morally justifiable, and if stem cells will ever live up to the medical promises. Most of these controversies concern embryonic stem cells more than any other stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are unspecialized, but have the ability to divide and make specialized cells like muscles, nerves, and skin cells. These cells are found in the early stage of human developmentRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1652 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic stem cell research could one day hold the key to many new scientific discoveries if it is continuously funded in the years to come. I chose to base my research around the question, Should embryo nic stem cell research be government funded? When I finish highschool I hope to pursue a career in the medical field. Although I wish to become a doctor and may not be directly researching stem cells, they may one day be a treatment that I will have to administer to patients. To answer this questionRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1543 Words   |  7 PagesWhile embryonic stem cell research has been ongoing for more than 30 years, it has only become a controversial topic over the past decade. The embryonic stem cell was first isolated in 1981 by two scientists at the University of Cambridge. However, it wasn’t until 1998 at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where the first batch of embryonic stem cells were created in a test tube. In 2001, President George W. Bush approved the use of federal funding for research on this topic, following this action

Poverty Vis Vis Development Education Essay Free Essays

This tryst focuses on really intrinsic section in development surveies. Poverty is a immense issue which is literally being manifested around us, as we speak. The affair, is surely one which doesnt have any certainty in Numberss or world, but certainly plenty, we do n’t cognize what disposition it could take to, due to the complexness in itself, and the ways in which it is connected in the old ages that follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty Vis Vis Development Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Surely, Poverty and Development are by strong belief interrelated constructs, and this could be seen in that fact that states are separated in developing and developed states when poorness is being measured. Besides harmonizing to Alan Thomas, poorness is an â€Å" antique concern † , while development could be most ascertained and associated with the 2nd half of the twentieth century, largely called the â€Å" ‘era of development †[ 1 ]. This period can besides be conceptualized as a post-war period, which gave rise to many factors which contributed chiefly to an enhanced developing procedure around the universe, which in bend affected poorness in legion ways which are unconceivable. One must foremost understand the definition and interrelation to development. When specifying poorness, undertaking the job is chiefly imperative, since it is per se a job for the universe as a whole that must be solved. There is although a general understanding on this, and harmonizing to the World Development 1990 study ; it connects the purpose of development with poorness: ‘Reducing poorness is the cardinal aim of economic development ‘[ 2 ] Alan Thomas in his book lineations that we must understand it as a environing fluctuation, and non merely a simple ameliorating alteration in society, it chiefly follows societal and single degrees, and in a sense it is a originative alteration. There is besides the distinguishable position that development could besides be conceptualized as attempts for betterment by bureaus[ 3 ]; which are chiefly divisible into international organisations and national 1s which chiefly transfer resources to assist these states.[ 4 ]One celebrated organisation is the International Committee of the Red Cross which protects non-combatants and military ground forcess in armed struggles chiefly for human-centered assistance[ 5 ] Poverty is a planetary issue which affects us all somehow or another and therefore one must understand such issue whether or non it involvements him or non. An of import point is that poorness has ever been present in one manner or another in a state, such as in Malta, where in the past decennary we have seen a rise in economic growing, but ahead Malta had high comparative poorness rates, which ranged from 10 % to 15 % of the households, which could be translated to 11,500 households that were hapless[ 6 ]still comparative poorness, carries on as one of the effects of inequality, but Malta has been maintaining comparative poorness at bay[ 7 ]and some argue that this occurred due to spread outing development and unequal distribution of wealth in societies, which characterized the divide between developed and developing states ; The term developing state is used for political rightness to do them sound less inferior to other states. In my sentiment poorness is truly an dismay to us all, since these people are portion of us, portion of one corporate group, that of human sort. It is truly a shame to see that 28 per centum of all kids in developing states are evaluated to be stunted due to the fact that they do non hold sufficient resources to supply for basic demands, that we all take for granted, such as nutrition and instruction ; and as a affair of fact 2.2 million kids die every twelvemonth since immunisation is non chiefly delivered, and over 22,000 kids die every twenty-four hours[ 8 ]mutely with no acknowledgment or attending whatsoever due to this atrociousness ; that is about a decease of a kid every 4 seconds, these are a few illustrations of how poverty manifests in our corrupt globalized society.[ 9 ] Poverty: Definition, Implication and the universe around us In order to give a specific significance to the word poorness, certainly it depends on the model of idea we have in our caputs ; that means, the construct, this can be seen in the fact that many conceptualize poorness in wholly differing ways, and therefore many have typical definitions of the word poorness. This differential conceptualizing of words which is ever go oning in us worlds, leads to the fact that people will finally cipher poorness through methods which are besides different in conformity with that construct at head[ 10 ] Poverty has been said to be conceptualised from the absolute to the relation for whom I am traveling to explicate farther on in this paper. From this sentence one can understand that there is an array of definitions around the universe. The most basic definition that many people acknowledge is the Subsistence poorness definition, where it will by and large set accent on the capacity to last[ 11 ]in the basic sense of it, we understand it as holding the basic necessities and demands that are needed to prolong human life and evidently growing ; these demands are most of the clip natural. This definition harmonizing to the book concerned, says that it will set confidence, on the measuring of poorness that it will give the smallest possible figure. One can besides state that the basic demands definition is a differential theoretical account of the subsistence one. Poverty is besides calculated through the day-to-day thermal consumption, which some argue that it is a bad manner to cipher poorness, because usually except in utmost fortunes, hapless people seldom die of famishment.[ 12 ] A individual needs nutrient non merely to assist him to populate life, but besides to continue a certain norm for himself with respects to nutrition. Particularly due to the fact that many malnutrition jobs accordingly lead to a meagre good health, and besides impacting work-capacity degrees. There were besides attempts in the past, such as the work of Seebohm Rowntree, that have managed to supply a list of all the necessary things a human being demands to prolong himself, subsistence so to talk.[ 13 ]In his book ‘Poverty – A survey of Town Life ‘ which was subsequently known as the sociological study[ 14 ]which was circulated in 1901, it shocked society wholly, by reasoning and explicating about the world of the horrifying characteristics of poorness that many people that at those times were sing. He was the first individual to make the phrase ‘poverty line ‘ , with his decision in his geographic expedition being that half of the working population wer e alive in poorness in some manner or another, although his theory fought many troubles. One of import find he made in those times, was that the shocking consequences reflected that many breadwinners were working, that was alright, but the chilling fact about this is that with the pay the normal breadwinner was entitled, could n’t be plenty to care for the demands of the whole household. One really of import component of the whole study is that: â€Å" The belief that a adult male could supply for his household if he was thrifty and hard-working was shown to be false. †[ 15 ] Harmonizing to the article by ‘The Press ‘ , he had shown that hardworking in the Victorian ages, would n’t do for the whole household since other sociological effects were impacting poorness in manner or another. Examples highlighted by Seebohm were that a household enjoyed one room on the whole, lesser nutrient quality and besides the fact they had many kids ; these factors affected poorness in those ages. Seebohm contributed a batch to society as a whole since the public assistance province was created later in the undermentioned centuries, many argue due to his work. Harmonizing to Paul Scaffer[ 16 ]in his papers, he outlines a wide construct of poorness, that it has been through a batch of alterations, he argues that there has been a wide displacement from the physiological theoretical account of want, which was chiefly focused on the natural demands of worlds, to pattern more focussed on societal facet of want, which is focused on nucleus societal facets such as assurance, liberty on oneself, and self-esteem. Scaffer besides concludes that there is a certain nexus or connexion between the construct of exposure and its relationship to poorness, and that inequality places an of import function in set uping poorness deductions, particularly when mensurating poorness, since inequality can impact measurings rather drastically. In his paper he outlines assorted attacks to poverty such as the income attack, human poorness attack and the societal exclusion attack. Income Approach Scaffer argues that a individual is hapless if he is systematically deficient to hold entree to economic resources ; this attack is used a batch in economic sciences which conjugates two necessities – good being which represented in footings of tantamount income, and secondly income poorness line, which represents a demand adequateness degree[ 17 ]The hapless people are those who plummet below a certain standards with respects to this attack. Largely the income attack focuses on non-fulfillment of basic demands which basically of import for the well-being of a normal life individual. On the other manus, it is besides discussed that this income attack is sometimes non good in ciphering poorness, in that some have argued that there are other methods which would turn out better such the Capability-based income steps, in which the concentration is being focused on making an income step of capableness poorness ; capableness bases should be the chief index for income. Kakwani argues that people are merely hapless, if they are being deprived capableness wise, when they do n’t hold sufficient income to prolong their simple proficiencies. He argues that societies should be able to care for people particularly by guaranting freedom from any diseases.[ 18 ] Human Poverty Approach Normally poorness manifests itself in the lack of the life styles of the people, and this is why the human poorness attack, approaches poorness from the point of position of defense of chances that can take them to populate a good life. Therefore one can reason that poorness does non merely include deficiency in itself. Poverty is besides calculated through want of communicating, and even values such as self-respect. In this respect I can besides see that the human poorness attack has a socio-psychological characteristic in it. Poverty therefore afflicts the life of people around the universe.[ 19 ]The UNDP has besides discussed this attack in its development studies, which has been designed on the model of Amartya Sen[ 20 ]The focal point of Sen ‘s research, conceptualizes poorness as the absence of some things that a human existences is n’t able to work without them. This attack is distinctively close to Sen ‘s thought, that it should hold incorporated in it our capablenesss, non merely what we are able to, but besides what we are n’t able to make. Such capablenesss are subjective and depend upon each and every person interpersonally and it must besides incorporate our operations.[ 21 ]In his newest book ‘The Idea of Justice ‘ he counters the thought of an income attack to poverty since he argues it is non exact, the above first attack therefore is faulty harmonizing to Sen: â€Å" Poverty will be much more intense than what can be deduced from the income day of the month †[ 22 ] Social Exclusion Approach The International Institute for Labour Studies has advocated the usage of another typical attack when ciphering scarceness ; this is the societal exclusion attack. This attack is really near to the comparative want construct of poorness which was foremost attributed by Peter Townsend which he defines poorness as â€Å" the absence or insufficiency of those diets, comfortss, criterions, services and activities which are common or customary in society †[ 23 ] With this attack, as the names implies, the focal point is on the deficiency of stuffs or resources, that are usually required to prolong life in certain mode usually socially acceptable, such as a normal life criterion, and the ability to execute activities which one favours. Citizenship is therefore really of import in this respect of attack, since it is a resource demand, such as societal integrating and societal credence ; these are all factors which the societal exclusion attack focuses upon.[ 24 ] Before 1997, the word poorness within the context of societal exclusion, was ever used a term to depict a state of affairs where people did n’t hold all of the resources they wanted, particularly chances. The authorities therefore came up with the term societal exclusion which eliminated the fact that poorness can merely be concentrated from a low income point of position ; poverty therefore can be defined as the narrow impression of it including the societal exclusion term appointed by the authorities of the UK. Alienation was to be included in the computation of poorness, since it is a type of exclusion.[ 25 ] Poverty Line and from Absolute to Relative poorness The poorness line as illustrated above is merely a normal mean criterion, so to talk, of how poorness is measured, and it differs from one state to another. The job is that due to different political orientations and political schemes, poorness lines are defined otherwise in each and every state. The inquiry that poses in this respect is, whether the poorness line has helped at all in contending poorness. With the thing is certain, that people with different houses, or different demographics, doubtless have their economic public assistances rather altered, theoretically talking the poorness line must exemplify the prototype for each and every society, or public assistance system. Normally this is regarded as the sum of money ; an single demands to non be labelled as underprivileged.[ 26 ] Economists usually look at the poorness line as a construct which has to make a batch with public-service corporation, and this is reflected through the fact that many welfare-economic philosophies are based the public-service corporation consistent as a poorness index. Basically what it entails is that when measuring public assistance system, the lone appraisal step that should be considered is public-service corporation, and the purpose of appraisal is to look into whether there is n’t any lessening in public-service corporation ; therefore the focal point is on the public-service corporation intent[ 27 ]In the instance of India, the term used is ‘Below Poverty line ‘ which is a poorness threshold utilised by the authorities to demo how many people are in demand of any aid, the standards used for the measuring have been concluded from a 2002 analysis. For illustration harmonizing to the International Benchmark, if a individual has less than a lb of net incomes a twenty-four hours with respects to PPP ; that individual is in a province of utmost poorness, and usually these indexs of poorness are used trough parametric quantities such as points.[ 28 ] For illustration, a instance that happened in Malta, was when Mgr. Grech, insisted that there should be a rearrangement of the poorness line here in Malta, and argued that those who at hazard of poorness will do and crumple to existent poorness because of the public-service corporation duties that were being imposed on the people. The address given by him was done during a Forum in the juncture of European twelvemonth against poorness and societal exclusion. From this one can see that with respects to Poverty, Malta has besides its ain jobs that are doing adversity[ 29 ] Decision From this paper one can therefore larn that poorness has a batch to offer than merely the normal construct of poorness, that one normally has in head – that of people deprived, but through analysis I have concluded that poorness has an drawn-out definition, it extends to the kingdom of social norms and besides authoritiess, which play a really of import function in relieving or even go oning to do adversity in societies. In practise, even though we are an mean state, I can reason that Malta has ever been a victim of poorness in the last decennary. The constructs and measurings examined and outlined in this paper have been used in a concise mode, and the subject itself has much more material to offer. The construct itself has undergone through many alterations which are still undergoing, and continues to broaden ; with the focal point being on the societal theoretical account of want. Continuous schemes are being implemented for there to be a decrease in poorness. Still, although there have been legion sum of work for there to be a lessening, inequality and bad policies endure all the attempts, and counter positive consequences. How to cite Poverty Vis Vis Development Education Essay, Essay examples

Employment Tribunal

Question: Visit a tribunal which permits public access and attend the legal proceedings for a day. You should demonstrate your attendance by discussing the proceedings of the employment tribunal. Summarise the case you observed and the decisions by the tribunal. Identify and narrate the appeal procedures of tribunals in the UK. Through a wider research, evaluate the purpose of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and, with particular reference to the services provided by the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (Acas), assess to what extent it is a successful means of resolving disputes outside the formal judicial process. Answer: The proceedings of an employment tribunal Executive summary: There are number of tribunals in England and Wales and Scotland that deals with the various types of disputes between employers and employees. These tribunals are known as the Employment Tribunals (Busby, 2015). They basically have a statutory jurisdiction to hear the disputes that arises out of an employer and employees relationship. Scotland and England and Wales have separate employment tribunals to deal with the issues (BUSBY and MCDERMONT, 2012). It is required to be mentioned here that a matter of Scotland cannot be filed in England And Wales. In the same manner, a matter of England and Wales cannot be filed in Scotland. There can be a transfer of a case from Scotland to England or vice-versa in special circumstances. The same rule of proceedings is governing in both the jurisdictions since the year 2004, with certain differences in the terms of the civil law sustaining in both the nations. For example, the Scottish Employment Tribunal follows the Scottish Civil laws and varies broadly from the procedure that is followed in England And Wales (Collins, 2012). The Employment Tribunals are governed by the rules are that are set out by the Secretary of State. It lays down certain statutory rules that are to govern the objectives, procedures and other aspects of filing a claim before the employment tribunal. It is to be mentioned here, that the rules of appealing are set down separately by a set of rules formulated by the Employment Appeal Tribunal. Procedure to be followed: Any person who is willing to bring a matter to the Employment Tribunal shall at the very first, present a claim in a Claim Form in the prescribed manner, within the specified time limit to any Employment Tribunal Office. A claim has to be submitted either in person or in electronic format, be it e-mail or internet (Cushway and Hallsworth, 2012). If any person is late by a fraction of second even, his Claim might be rejected. The Employment Tribunal may not be allowed to hear the matter anymore on the grounds of being lately submitted to the office. It will not even be considered for the Pre-hearing Review. Once a Claim Form has been accepted by an Employment Tribunal Office, it has to be sent to the Defendant for his response. He has to submit the Response Form within 28 days of receiving the Claim Form. If he fails to do so within the prescribed form, then he might be barred from taking part in the proceedings and the claim might proceed undefended. Generally any Claim Form or Response Form shall be submitted in the form prescribed so as to make it valid and acceptable by the Tribunals Office. An Employment Tribunal Office has every right to cancel or reject a claim if it is not valid by its characteristics (Taylor and Emir, 2012). For making a claim before the Employment Tribunal, it should be submitted within three months from the date of occurrence of the event. Such an event may constitute of any issues like reasonless dismissal from the company, or, wages not being paid on time. Exceptional situations are there, were a time can be extended by the Employment Tribunal, if it deems fit in its view. The time limit for Equal Pay and Redundancy Pay is six months, as prescribed by the procedure laid down by the Secretary of State. An Employment Tribunal allows for several types of hearing in nature: Case Management Discussion is used to clarify and decide issues by discussing Pre-Hearing Review is a method of hearing issues of certain types like trade union to determine whether the parties in the matter are entitled to do so There is another type of hearing known as Full hearing. In matters of Full hearing, a matter is heard by five people in total, three judges and two lay members. In a full hearing, at the very first there is a submission of both the sides, followed by calling upon the witnesses of both the sides for examination. Their witness statements are collected in advance. It is required to be mentioned here that a party can in written submit his willingness to discontinue the matter any time during the course of the proceeding. A withdrawal can also be granted orally at a hearing. Case Study and Observation: In the matter of David Roger v Ignitis Corp Ltd, as observed, it was a matter of wages not being paid for the last six months. Moreover there is unreasonable deduction of Provident Fund amount from the salary. David Roger had placed a Claim Form before the Employment Tribunal claiming that his salary was not being paid by Ignitis Corp for the last six months. On asking for salry, false promises were made by the company that it would be paid shortly but there was no payment of it till date. On receiving the Claim form, it was approved by the Employment tribunal office and was sent to Ignitis for response. Igntis applied the Response form within the prescribed time as laid down. On the hearing date, five persons were present in the Tribunal room. Three of them were judges sitting in a row and two other person sitting in a different row, supposed to be the lay members. The judges first ordered the petitioner to put forward his facts and demands before the court. After the Petitioner had laid down his facts and demands before Tribunal, the judges asked the Defendant to put forward his arguments in reference to the claims made by the Petitioner. The Defendant in that order presented his argument stating that it had been informed earlier that as the company was going through financial crisis, it would be little late to pay the wages. It was informed by issuing a notice. On hearing the argument, the judged decided to hear upon the witnesses along with their witness statements. After hearing the witnesses and considering the statements given by them as evidences and also the facts laid down by both the sides, the judges on discussing the entire facts with the othe r two lay members, passed an order stating that Ignitis Corp Ltd shall pay $50000 for wages due along with $3000 as fine for delaying in payment of the wages and also for the loss suffered by David Roger. Appeal Procedures of Tribunal in United Kingdom: There are special Employment Appeal Tribunals set up in England And Wales and Scotland. It derives its powers from the statute laid down in the country. Such tribunal is superior court of record and thus can be considered to be equal to the standard of High Court. An appeal will be entertained in the Employment Appeal Tribunal on the following grounds: There was a misconduct of law by the tribunal There was no evidence as to the fact found by the tribunal The decision provided by the tribunal is partial in nature An appeal should be laid down within 42 days of receiving the order of the Employment Tribunal on a certain matter. To file an appeal before the Employment Appeal Tribunal, the very step required to be taken is to serve a Notice of appeal to the tribunal. The notice shall be in the prescribed form, containing certain details about both the parties in the dispute, along with the identification of points of law on the basis of which the appeal has been formulated (Urwin, Buscha and Latreille, 2013). A fee has to be paid in order to appeal before the Employment Appeal tribunal. There are respectively two fees t be deposited with the tribunal. One is the issue fees of 400Euros and secondly the hearing fees of 1200 Euros. After the fees has been deposited with the tribunal. The hearing of the appeal will start by issuing a notice to the defendant party. On the hearing, the points of law are to be examined critically by the bench of judges along with calling upon the witnesses for the hearing (Urwin, Buscha and Latreille, 2013). After considering the facts and points of law and statement of both the sides, the judges will decide upon the issue, which either might be in favor of the Appellant or that of the Defendant. Alternative Dispute Resolution Alternative Dispute Resolution also known as External Dispute Resolution in some countries, is a process of settling dispute between two parties without going for legal proceedings. It is a sort of legal procedure whereby two parties go for an agreement to settle their point of disagreement. It is a sort of litigation procedure which is conducted out of the court (DeGroote, n.d.). This particular technique or procedure, allows a third party to settle the dispute between two parties in conflict. It is a collection of processes to settle the dispute between two parties, in informal or confidential pattern. Alternative Dispute Resolution consist of Arbitration, Mediation, conciliation procedures within its scope (DragosÃÅ'Â ¦ and NeamtÃÅ'Â ¦u, n.d.). There are certain purposes for which Alternative Dispute Resolution has been adopted as a way out to resolve issues between two conflicting parties (Gaston and Al-Dawsari, n.d.). It is also regulated by certain sets of laws and legislations formulated by the nation. The main aim of adopting this procedure is to settle disputes of people without going for the huge expenses of litigation procedure. Another aim that Alternative Dispute Resolution achieves is that the confidentiality of the parties in dispute are maintained. There is no public flaunting of the parties in society, which might be publicized if a person goes for litigation procedure. Thirdly, there is no harassment in Alternative Dispute Resolution. Parties are free from the hazardous that has to be borne in litigation procedure (Hornberger, 2013). The main purposes of adopting Alternative Dispute Resolution are that it is voluntary, provides speedy recovery from the dispute, less expensive in nature and less adversarial (L owe and Pidgeon, n.d.). The advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration services aims to check organizations and professional life. This aim is adopted by enhancing a better employment relationship. If better improved relationship are maintained between employers and employees, it would be quite obvious that there will less amount of disputes cropping into the professional world. The main jobs of the advisory board are to act as a body to give correct advices to the party when in conflict with another party (Mason, 2015). The advisory board provides adequate advices to the reason of dispute brought before it. In conciliation procedure, the parties to the dispute appoint a conciliator who separately meets both the parties at two different locations and attempts to solve the dispute by coming to a mutual point. Conciliation is generally adopted to settle the dispute without proceeding for any litigation (Nolan-Haley, n.d.). It is a procedure adopted to visit the parties separately, know their issues in person and advise a mutual point to crop out the differences. Arbitration Services requires the appointment of an Arbitrator by the parties in conflict. It generally calls for a meeting or conference where both the parties are present and the reason for conflict is discussed in front of everybody to come to a mutual decision. The arbitrator generally plays a role of the mediator who tries to listen to the dispute and provides with a decision that would satisfy both the parties. Today Alternative Dispute Resolution is internationally recognized and adopted by people without any barrier in their thoughts about the procedure (Steffek et al., n.d.). Alternative Dispute Resolution is mostly adopted by the companies to settle their disputes in very short span of time. As this process if also less expensive so it has become easy for the people to access this technique of law. Alternative Dispute Resolution is successful in solving issues internationally now. Today even conflicts between two different nations like to adopt Alternative Dispute Resolution as a procedure to redress the issues between them. It is successful in settling disputes between two parties providing adequate acceptable decisions in nature (Thomas, n.d.). References Busby, N. (2015). Challenging Employment Tribunal Fees: R (Unison) v Lord Chancellor and another (No 2).Edinburgh Law Review, 19(2), pp.254-259. BUSBY, N. and MCDERMONT, M. (2012). Workers, Marginalised Voices and the * Employment Tribunal System: Some Preliminary Findings.Industrial Law Journal, 41(2), pp.166-183. Collins, D. (2012). Alternative Dispute Resolution for Stakeholders in International Investment Law.Journal of International Economic Law, 15(2), pp.673-700. Cushway, B. and Hallsworth, I. (2012).The employer's handbook 2012-13. London: Kogan Page. DeGroote, J. (n.d.).Alternative dispute resolution. DragosÃÅ'Â ¦, D. and NeamtÃÅ'Â ¦u, B. (n.d.).Alternative dispute resolution in administrative proceedings. Gaston, E. and Al-Dawsari, N. (n.d.).Dispute resolution and justice provision in Yemen's transition. Hornberger, R. (2013).11th annual alternative dispute resolution course 2013. Austin, Texas: State Bar of Texas. Lowe, D. and Pidgeon, C. (n.d.).Lowe's transport manager's operator's handbook 2015. Mason, D. (2015). Alternative dispute resolution trial.Veterinary Record, 176(20), pp.527-527. Nolan-Haley, J. (n.d.).Alternative dispute resolution in a nutshell. Steffek, F., Unberath, H., Genn, H., Greger, R. and Menkel-Meadow, C. (n.d.).Regulating dispute resolution. Taylor, S. and Emir, A. (2012).Employment law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Thomas, L. (n.d.).12th annual alternative dispute resolution. Urwin, P., Buscha, F. and Latreille, P. (2013). Representation in UK Employment Tribunals: Analysis of the 2003 and 2008 Survey of Employment Tribunal Applications (SETA).British Journal of Industrial Relations, 52(1), pp.158-184. Urwin, P., Buscha, F. and Latreille, P. (2013). Representation in UK Employment Tribunals: Analysis of the 2003 and 2008 Survey of Employment Tribunal Applications (SETA).British Journal of Industrial Relations, 52(1), pp.158-184.